Creating a kitchen that serves as the true heart of your home requires more than just functional appliances and adequate counter space. It demands an atmosphere that welcomes family gatherings, inspires culinary creativity, and radiates the kind of warmth that makes everyone want to linger a little longer. Farmhouse kitchen decor offers this perfect blend of rustic authenticity and timeless elegance, transforming ordinary cooking spaces into extraordinary havens of comfort and style.
The magic of farmhouse kitchen decor lies in its celebration of natural materials, vintage charm, and purposeful design. This beloved aesthetic embraces the beauty of imperfection, the warmth of weathered wood, and the comfort of well-loved spaces that tell stories through every carefully chosen detail. Whether you’re working with a sprawling country kitchen or a compact urban space, these design principles can create an environment that feels both sophisticated and wonderfully lived-in.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore 20 essential elements that define exceptional farmhouse kitchen decor. From foundational choices like color palettes and flooring to the charming finishing touches that make a space uniquely yours, each idea offers practical insights and actionable advice. Get ready to discover how thoughtful design choices can transform your kitchen into a cozy, stylish sanctuary that perfectly balances form and function.
1. Embrace Classic White or Cream Walls for Brightness
The foundation of any inviting farmhouse kitchen decor begins with wall color, and classic white or cream tones serve as the quintessential choice. These light hues create a luminous backdrop that maximizes natural light while providing incredible versatility for layering rustic and charming elements throughout the space. The psychological impact of these colors cannot be overstated—they promote feelings of cleanliness, spaciousness, and tranquility that are essential for creating a welcoming culinary environment.
Light-colored walls reflect up to 85% of available light, significantly brightening your kitchen and reducing dependence on artificial lighting during daylight hours. This choice also provides a timeless foundation that won’t require frequent updates, allowing you to evolve your decor style or accent colors without the expense of repainting. The visual expansion effect of white and cream walls can make spaces appear 15-25% larger, transforming even compact kitchens into airy, open environments that feel grand and welcoming.
Key considerations for white and cream walls:
- Choose warm whites with yellow or beige undertones for coziness
- Select cool whites with grey or blue undertones for crisp, modern farmhouse appeal
- Use eggshell or satin finishes for durability and light reflection in kitchen environments
The craftsmanship reveals itself in details like proper surface preparation and selecting the right undertone to complement your natural light exposure and existing elements.
2. Install Shiplap for Instant Rustic Charm and Texture
Once your bright canvas is established, shiplap becomes the next essential element in authentic farmhouse kitchen decor. This traditional wall treatment features interlocking wooden boards that create subtle horizontal lines and dimensional texture, instantly transforming plain surfaces into architectural focal points. The visual impact of shiplap extends far beyond mere decoration—it adds the kind of character and heritage feel that makes new construction feel established and thoughtfully designed.
Shiplap prevents walls from appearing flat and uninspiring while introducing the natural warmth of wood grain into your kitchen environment. Its versatility allows for full-wall applications or strategic accent areas like kitchen islands, range hoods, or backsplash sections. The installation process, while requiring precision, offers an opportunity to customize your space with painted or natural finishes that perfectly complement your overall design vision.
Installation success factors:
- Ensure walls are clean, dry, and properly marked for stud locations
- Begin with a perfectly level first board to establish proper alignment
- Maintain consistent spacing using quality spacers throughout installation
What makes this design special is the way shiplap creates depth and visual interest while maintaining the clean, uncluttered aesthetic that defines farmhouse style.
3. Select Distressed Wide-Plank Wood Flooring for Authenticity
The foundation beneath your feet plays a crucial role in establishing authentic farmhouse kitchen decor, and distressed wide-plank wood flooring delivers unmatched character and warmth. These broader boards, typically ranging from 5 to 12 inches wide, create fewer seams and a more expansive visual flow that makes kitchens appear significantly larger. The distressed finish adds instant history and charm, providing the lived-in aesthetic that new, pristine surfaces simply cannot replicate.
Wide-plank flooring with distressed characteristics offers practical benefits beyond its stunning appearance. The aged surface naturally conceals daily wear patterns, scratches, and minor dents that would be highly visible on smooth, unmarked floors. This durability factor makes it an intelligent choice for high-traffic kitchen environments where functionality must complement beauty. The natural variations in grain patterns and distressing ensure that each installation is unique and full of character.
Flooring selection considerations:
- Choose durable hardwoods like oak or hickory for high-traffic areas
- Opt for longer plank lengths (6-12 feet) to minimize end seams
- Select matte or low-sheen finishes to preserve the natural, aged appearance
The unexpected environmental benefit comes from choosing reclaimed or sustainably sourced materials that reduce demand for new timber harvesting.
4. Incorporate a Deep Apron-Front Sink for Function and Style
No farmhouse kitchen decor achieves completeness without the iconic deep apron-front sink, a fixture that seamlessly blends practical utility with distinctive visual appeal. This generous basin extends slightly beyond the countertop edge, creating an ergonomic workspace that accommodates oversized cookware and reduces strain during daily kitchen tasks. The exposed front panel becomes an architectural feature that immediately establishes farmhouse authenticity in any kitchen design.
The functional advantages of apron-front sinks extend far beyond their charming appearance. These deep basins increase washing capacity by approximately 25-30% compared to standard undermount sinks, easily accommodating large roasting pans, baking sheets, and multiple place settings simultaneously. The forward positioning reduces the need to lean over countertops, promoting better posture during extended food preparation and cleanup sessions.
Material and sizing considerations:
- Fireclay offers classic durability and authentic farmhouse appearance
- Stainless steel provides modern functionality with farmhouse charm
- Single-basin designs maximize workspace and accommodate large items
The quality becomes evident after years of use when superior materials and construction maintain their beauty and functionality despite heavy daily use.
5. Choose Butcher Block or Light Quartz Countertops for Warmth
Countertop selection significantly impacts the overall warmth and character of your farmhouse kitchen decor, with butcher block and light quartz emerging as premier choices for different reasons. Butcher block introduces organic texture and natural wood grain that creates immediate visual and tactile warmth, while light quartz provides clean brightness with subtle patterns that mimic natural stone. Both materials offer distinct advantages that contribute to inviting, functional kitchen environments.
Butcher block countertops develop beautiful patina over time, creating a lived-in character that perfectly embodies farmhouse aesthetics. The natural antimicrobial properties of certain wood species, combined with proper maintenance, make these surfaces both beautiful and functional for food preparation. Light quartz alternatives offer the warmth of natural stone appearance with superior durability and stain resistance, requiring minimal maintenance while providing consistent beauty.
Countertop decision factors:
- Butcher block requires regular oiling but offers unmatched natural warmth
- Light quartz provides durability with low maintenance requirements
- Consider mixing materials for varied functionality and visual interest
The design language speaks to balancing natural elements with practical living requirements, creating surfaces that serve daily needs while maintaining aesthetic appeal.
6. Install Classic White Subway Tile for a Clean Backsplash
Following your countertop selection, the backsplash becomes the next critical element in cohesive farmhouse kitchen decor. Classic white subway tile stands as the quintessential choice, offering timeless elegance and practical functionality that complements farmhouse aesthetics perfectly. Its clean lines and neutral color provide an ideal backdrop that allows other design elements to shine while ensuring easy maintenance in busy cooking environments.
The enduring popularity of white subway tile stems from its remarkable versatility and proven longevity in kitchen design. This choice creates a bright, reflective surface that enhances natural light distribution throughout the space while providing a durable, non-porous barrier against cooking splashes and stains. The simple rectangular format offers multiple installation patterns, from classic running bond to more contemporary stacked arrangements, allowing for subtle customization within the traditional framework.
Installation pattern options:
- Running bond creates classic, timeless appeal
- Vertical stack offers contemporary farmhouse interpretation
- Herringbone adds subtle visual interest and movement
The visual weight balances perfectly when you pair subway tile with darker grout lines that provide gentle definition without overwhelming the clean aesthetic.
7. Opt for Open Shelving to Display Charming Dishware
Open shelving represents a cornerstone of authentic farmhouse kitchen decor, transforming functional storage into decorative opportunity while creating visual lightness that makes kitchens feel more spacious and welcoming. This design choice eliminates the visual weight of upper cabinets, allowing natural light to flow freely while providing accessible storage for frequently used items. The curated display potential of open shelving enables homeowners to showcase beautiful dishware collections that contribute to the overall aesthetic narrative.
The practical benefits of open shelving extend beyond visual appeal to include improved accessibility and organization efficiency. Items remain visible and within easy reach, streamlining daily kitchen routines while encouraging mindful curation of displayed pieces. This storage approach also offers significant cost savings compared to traditional upper cabinetry, allowing budget allocation toward higher-quality materials and finishes in other areas of the kitchen renovation.
Styling success strategies:
- Group items in odd numbers for natural visual appeal
- Mix heights and textures to create dynamic displays
- Leave breathing room between items to avoid cluttered appearance
The styling mistake most people make is overcrowding shelves, which defeats the purpose of creating an organized, visually appealing display.
8. Design a Large Reclaimed Wood Island for a Central Hub
The kitchen island serves as the commanding centerpiece of exceptional farmhouse kitchen decor, and reclaimed wood construction elevates this essential element to extraordinary status. A substantial island crafted from weathered barn wood or salvaged timber becomes far more than additional counter space—it transforms into the home’s central gathering point where cooking, dining, homework, and conversation naturally converge. The rich patina and unique character marks of reclaimed wood create an irreplaceable sense of history and authenticity.
Large reclaimed wood islands provide 30-50 square feet of additional workspace while offering opportunities for integrated storage, seating, and specialized features like prep sinks or wine storage. The substantial visual weight of these pieces anchors the entire kitchen design, creating a focal point that defines traffic flow and establishes the room’s functional zones. The environmental benefits of choosing reclaimed materials align perfectly with farmhouse values of sustainability and resourcefulness.
Design integration elements:
- Plan for 36-42 inches of clearance on all sides for proper traffic flow
- Consider integrated electrical outlets for small appliances and device charging
- Include storage solutions like open shelving, drawers, or wine racks
The artisan collective that creates these pieces often brings generations of woodworking expertise to ensure structural integrity while preserving the material’s natural character.
9. Add Windsor or Cross-Back Chairs for Timeless Seating
Seating selection plays a vital role in completing your farmhouse kitchen decor, and Windsor or cross-back chairs offer the perfect combination of classic design and enduring comfort. These traditional chair styles feature distinctive silhouettes—Windsor chairs with their characteristic spindle backs and cross-back chairs with elegant X-pattern supports—that immediately establish farmhouse authenticity while providing ergonomic seating for extended meal times and conversations.
The construction quality of well-made Windsor and cross-back chairs ensures decades of reliable service, making them intelligent investments for busy family kitchens. Their solid wood construction and time-tested joinery techniques create seating that improves with age, developing rich patina and character that enhances the overall farmhouse aesthetic. The variety of available finishes allows for customization that complements existing cabinetry and decor elements.
Chair selection considerations:
- Natural wood finishes showcase grain patterns and develop beautiful patina
- Painted finishes in cream, sage, or charcoal offer versatile coordination options
- Mix armchairs and armless styles for varied seating arrangements
The heritage technique gets a contemporary update through modern finishing methods that enhance durability while preserving traditional craftsmanship appeal.
10. Hang Industrial or Lantern Pendant Lights for Ambiance
Lighting design significantly impacts the success of your farmhouse kitchen decor, and industrial or lantern pendant lights provide the perfect blend of functional illumination and aesthetic appeal. These substantial fixtures serve as sculptural elements that define specific areas while contributing to the overall atmosphere through their distinctive materials and proportions. The interplay between metal finishes, glass elements, and exposed bulbs creates visual interest that enhances the farmhouse narrative.
Pendant lights create focused task lighting over islands and dining areas while adding vertical design elements that draw the eye upward and enhance perceived ceiling height. The warm glow from properly positioned pendants establishes intimate zones within larger kitchen spaces, promoting comfortable conversation and relaxed dining experiences. Quality fixtures with dimming capabilities allow for adjustable ambiance throughout different times of day and various activities.
Lighting placement guidelines:
- Install pendants 30-36 inches above island surfaces for optimal task lighting
- Space multiple fixtures 24-30 inches apart for even light distribution
- Choose warm LED bulbs (2700K-3000K) for inviting, cozy atmosphere
The ambient qualities change throughout the day as natural light interacts with artificial sources, creating dynamic lighting scenarios that enhance the kitchen’s appeal.
11. Select Matte Black or Bronze Hardware for Contrast
Hardware selection provides crucial finishing details that elevate farmhouse kitchen decor from ordinary to extraordinary, with matte black and bronze finishes offering sophisticated contrast against lighter cabinetry and surfaces. These darker finishes create visual anchors that prevent all-white kitchens from appearing sterile while adding contemporary edge to traditional farmhouse elements. The strategic placement of quality hardware throughout the kitchen creates a cohesive design thread that unifies the entire space.
Matte finishes offer practical advantages beyond their aesthetic appeal, including superior fingerprint resistance and durability compared to polished alternatives. The subtle texture of quality matte hardware provides tactile satisfaction while maintaining its appearance through years of daily use. Bronze finishes add warmth and richness that complements natural wood elements, while matte black provides crisp contrast that works beautifully with both warm and cool color palettes.
Hardware coordination strategies:
- Match hardware finish to light fixtures and plumbing finishes for cohesion
- Choose substantial pulls and knobs that feel solid and well-proportioned
- Consider mixing knobs and pulls for varied visual interest and functionality
The construction technique that ensures longevity involves solid brass or steel construction with durable finish applications that resist wear and corrosion.
12. Incorporate Gingham or Linen Textiles for Softness
Textile integration brings essential softness and warmth to farmhouse kitchen decor, with gingham patterns and linen fabrics serving as quintessential choices that enhance comfort and visual appeal. These natural materials introduce tactile elements that balance harder surfaces like stone, wood, and metal while adding opportunities for seasonal color updates and personal expression. The relaxed drape and natural texture of quality linens create an inviting atmosphere that encourages lingering and conversation.
Gingham’s classic checkered pattern provides timeless charm that works beautifully in various scales and color combinations, from subtle tone-on-tone variations to bold traditional red and white checks. Linen’s natural fiber characteristics offer durability and beauty that improves with age, developing a soft patina that enhances the lived-in quality essential to farmhouse aesthetics. Both materials provide practical benefits including easy care and natural antimicrobial properties.
Textile application ideas:
- Cafe curtains add privacy while maintaining natural light
- Table runners and placemats define dining areas with color and pattern
- Dish towels and pot holders combine function with decorative appeal
The traditional methods used result in fabrics that maintain their beauty and functionality through countless wash cycles while developing character over time.
13. Source Vintage or Distressed Signs for Wall Decor
Wall decor selection provides opportunities to infuse personality and narrative into your farmhouse kitchen decor, with vintage and distressed signs offering authentic character that mass-produced art cannot replicate. These weathered pieces tell stories through their aged patina, classic typography, and connection to agricultural or culinary themes that reinforce the farmhouse aesthetic. Original signs carry genuine history, while quality reproductions provide similar visual impact with greater availability and affordability.
The strategic placement of vintage signage creates focal points that draw attention and spark conversation while filling wall space with meaningful decoration. These pieces work particularly well in groupings or gallery wall arrangements that combine various sizes and themes for dynamic visual impact. The natural aging process of authentic vintage signs provides color variations and surface texture that add depth and authenticity to kitchen environments.
Sign selection and sourcing:
- Antique shops and flea markets offer authentic pieces with genuine history
- Online marketplaces provide access to specialized vintage sign dealers
- Local craftspeople create custom distressed signs with personalized messages
The cultural heritage preserved in each piece includes traditional signmaking techniques and typography styles that connect modern kitchens to historical craftsmanship.
14. Utilize Woven Baskets for Stylish and Practical Storage
Storage solutions play a crucial role in maintaining the organized, uncluttered appearance essential to successful farmhouse kitchen decor, and woven baskets provide the perfect combination of functionality and natural beauty. These versatile containers offer concealed storage for various items while introducing organic texture and earthy tones that enhance the farmhouse aesthetic. The portability and flexibility of basket storage allows for easy reorganization and seasonal updates without permanent installation requirements.
Natural fiber baskets made from materials like seagrass, rattan, or wicker bring biophilic design elements into kitchen environments while providing practical solutions for organizing everything from produce to linens. The varied weaving patterns and natural color variations ensure that each basket contributes unique character while maintaining overall design cohesion. Quality baskets develop beautiful patina over time, becoming more attractive with age and use.
Basket organization strategies:
- Group similar items within individual baskets for efficient retrieval
- Use various sizes to accommodate different storage needs and visual interest
- Add simple labels for family members to maintain organization systems
The sustainable journey of these materials involves renewable resources and traditional crafting techniques that support artisan communities worldwide.
15. Introduce Fresh Greenery or Herbs for Natural Vibrancy
Living plants represent one of the most impactful additions to farmhouse kitchen decor, bringing natural vibrancy and fresh energy that connects indoor spaces with the outdoors. Culinary herbs provide dual benefits of aesthetic appeal and practical functionality, offering fresh ingredients for cooking while infusing kitchens with pleasant, natural aromas. The presence of thriving plants creates a sense of life and vitality that enhances the welcoming atmosphere essential to farmhouse design.
Strategic plant placement takes advantage of natural light sources while creating visual interest at various heights and locations throughout the kitchen. Window sills, open shelving, and countertop areas provide ideal spots for herb gardens and decorative plants that contribute to air purification and stress reduction. The seasonal growth cycles of plants add dynamic elements that change throughout the year, providing natural variety and interest.
Plant selection for kitchen success:
- Herbs like basil, rosemary, and thyme thrive in kitchen conditions
- Pothos and snake plants tolerate varying light conditions and require minimal care
- Seasonal flowering plants add color bursts that complement farmhouse palettes
The materials are sourced from a remarkable region where sustainable growing practices preserve soil health and support local farming communities.
16. Lean Large Wooden Cutting Boards for Rustic Charm
Decorative accessories provide finishing touches that complete exceptional farmhouse kitchen decor, and large wooden cutting boards offer versatile elements that serve both functional and aesthetic purposes. When leaned against backsplashes or displayed on open shelving, these substantial pieces introduce vertical interest and natural wood tones that enhance the rustic charm essential to farmhouse style. The varied grain patterns and natural edge details of quality boards create unique focal points that celebrate craftsmanship and natural beauty.
Oversized cutting boards made from rich hardwoods like walnut, cherry, or maple provide striking contrast against lighter backgrounds while adding warmth and organic texture to kitchen environments. The substantial size and thickness of these pieces create visual weight that anchors displays and prevents smaller accessories from appearing insignificant. Quality boards develop beautiful patina through use and proper care, becoming more attractive over time.
Display and styling techniques:
- Layer multiple boards of varying sizes for dimensional interest
- Combine boards with ceramic vessels or fresh herbs for cohesive vignettes
- Choose boards with natural edge details or distinctive grain patterns for maximum impact
The maker’s journey from apprentice to master influenced the traditional techniques used to create boards that balance functionality with artistic expression.
17. Style Mason Jars for Utensils or Floral Arrangements
Mason jars embody the practical beauty that defines authentic farmhouse kitchen decor, offering versatile containers that seamlessly transition between functional storage and decorative display. These iconic glass vessels provide organized storage for cooking utensils, fresh flowers, or pantry staples while contributing to the rustic charm and nostalgic appeal that makes farmhouse kitchens so inviting. The clear glass construction allows contents to become part of the visual display, creating attractive arrangements that celebrate everyday items.
The enduring popularity of mason jars stems from their perfect balance of utility and aesthetics, providing affordable solutions for organization challenges while maintaining design integrity. Various sizes accommodate different needs, from small herb bouquets to large utensil collections, while the standard mouth openings ensure easy access and cleaning. Creative customization options include painted finishes, twine wrapping, or etched designs that personalize these versatile containers.
Mason jar styling applications:
- Group jars of varying heights for dynamic countertop displays
- Add decorative elements like burlap ribbons or chalkboard labels
- Use wide-mouth jars for utensils and regular jars for floral arrangements
The discovery of this technique happened when creative homeowners began repurposing canning jars for decorative storage, launching a trend that celebrates resourcefulness and simplicity.
18. Select Retro-Inspired Appliances for a Homestyle Vibe
Appliance selection significantly impacts the character and functionality of farmhouse kitchen decor, with retro-inspired designs offering the perfect blend of vintage charm and modern performance. These distinctive pieces serve as major focal points that establish the kitchen’s personality while providing contemporary convenience and efficiency. The curved lines, bold colors, and nostalgic details of quality retro appliances create immediate visual impact that transforms ordinary kitchens into memorable, character-rich spaces.
Modern retro appliances combine authentic vintage aesthetics with current technology, offering reliable performance alongside distinctive styling that celebrates mid-century design sensibilities. Popular color options include classic mint green, cream, cherry red, and soft pastels that complement farmhouse palettes while adding personality and warmth. The substantial size and distinctive silhouettes of these appliances create commanding presence that anchors kitchen designs and generates conversation among visitors.
Retro appliance integration strategies:
- Choose one major appliance as the primary statement piece
- Coordinate smaller appliances in complementary colors or finishes
- Balance retro elements with traditional farmhouse materials for cohesive design
The collaboration began with a conversation about combining nostalgic appeal with contemporary functionality, resulting in appliances that honor the past while serving modern needs.
19. Curate a Gallery Wall with Farm Animal Prints
Wall art provides opportunities to inject personality and thematic consistency into farmhouse kitchen decor, with farm animal prints offering charming connections to agricultural heritage and rural life. These delightful images celebrate the pastoral roots of farmhouse style while adding visual interest and conversation starters that enhance the welcoming atmosphere of kitchen environments. Carefully curated collections of animal prints create cohesive displays that reinforce the authentic farmhouse narrative.
Gallery walls featuring farm animals allow for creative expression through varied print sizes, frame styles, and artistic interpretations that range from vintage illustrations to contemporary photography. The key to successful gallery walls lies in maintaining visual balance while incorporating enough variety to create dynamic interest. Consistent color palettes or framing choices help unify diverse images into cohesive displays that enhance rather than overwhelm the space.
Gallery wall composition guidelines:
- Plan layouts on the floor before hanging to ensure balanced arrangements
- Mix different sizes while maintaining consistent spacing between pieces
- Choose frames that complement existing finishes and hardware throughout the kitchen
The emotional response this evokes begins with nostalgic connections to simpler times and agricultural traditions that resonate with modern desires for authenticity and connection to nature.
20. Hang an Oversized Galvanized Wall Clock for a Statement
The final element in exceptional farmhouse kitchen decor often involves a statement piece that commands attention while serving practical purposes, and oversized galvanized wall clocks fulfill this role perfectly. These substantial timepieces combine industrial materials with functional design, creating focal points that anchor large wall spaces while providing easy time reference during cooking and meal preparation. The weathered metal finish and bold numerals typical of galvanized clocks add authentic character that enhances farmhouse authenticity.
Large-scale clocks serve as room anchors that prevent expansive walls from appearing empty while contributing to the layered, collected-over-time aesthetic that defines successful farmhouse design. The industrial materials and substantial size create visual weight that balances other major elements like islands, range hoods, or large windows. Quality galvanized finishes develop natural patina over time, becoming more attractive and characterful with age.
Clock selection and placement considerations:
- Choose clocks sized appropriately for wall space (typically 24-48 inches for major walls)
- Position at eye level (57-60 inches to center) for comfortable viewing
- Ensure secure mounting with appropriate hardware for the clock’s weight
The finishing touch that elevates the entire look involves strategic lighting that highlights the clock’s texture and creates dramatic shadows that enhance its dimensional presence throughout different times of day.
Conclusion: Creating Your Perfect Farmhouse Kitchen
These 20 essential elements of farmhouse kitchen decor work together to create spaces that celebrate both beauty and functionality, resulting in kitchens that truly serve as the heart of the home. From the foundational choices of wall colors and flooring to the charming details of textiles and accessories, each element contributes to an atmosphere that welcomes family and friends while supporting the daily rhythms of cooking and gathering. The authentic materials, thoughtful proportions, and time-tested design principles that define farmhouse style ensure that your kitchen will remain beautiful and relevant for years to come.
The magic of successful farmhouse kitchen decor lies not in following rigid rules, but in thoughtfully combining elements that reflect your personal style while honoring the core principles of warmth, authenticity, and functionality. Whether you implement all 20 ideas or select those that resonate most strongly with your vision and budget, the key is creating a cohesive environment that tells your family’s unique story. Remember that the most beautiful farmhouse kitchens develop character over time through the accumulation of meaningful pieces, cherished collections, and the patina that comes from daily use and loving care.
Start your transformation today by selecting one or two elements that speak to you most strongly, then gradually build your dream kitchen as budget and opportunity allow. The journey toward perfect farmhouse kitchen decor is as rewarding as the destination, offering countless opportunities to discover unique pieces, develop your personal style, and create a space that truly reflects your values and aspirations for home.
